主题：大爱无情——漫谈墨子兼爱思想的现代价值
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[????]- ↑ ??? ??? ??: Union List of Artist Names. Union List of Artist Names ID: 500237956. ?????? ????: ?? ????? ????. ?????? ????: ?? ?????? ????. ??? ???: ??????? ???.
- ↑ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??: Royal Academy of History.
- ↑ Subject named as: Christopher Columbus. National Library of Wales Authority ID: columbus-christopher-1451-1506-poetry. ??? ??? ??: National Library of Wales archives and manuscripts catalogue. ??? ???: ??????? ???.
- ↑ Subject named as: Christofer Columbus. Runeberg author ID: columchr. ??? ??? ??: Project Runeberg. ??? ???: ??????? ???.
- ↑ Subject named as: Christoph Columbus. SELIBR ID: 182090. ??? ??? ??: LIBRIS. ????????: National Library of Sweden.
- ↑ ??? ??? "Encyclop?dia Britannica Online" (in ??????? ???). ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) ? ?????? ???????: ???? (link) - ↑ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??: BnF authorities. Bibliothèque nationale de France ID: 119304566. ?????? ????: ?? ?????? ????. ??????: Bibliothèque nationale de France. ??? ???: ??????? ???.
- ↑ Subject named as: Cristóbal Colón. BNMM authority ID: 000026108. ??? ??? ??: Catálogo de autoridades BNMM.
- ↑ Subject named as: Christopher Columbus. SNAC ARK ID: w6nc838c. ??? ??? ??: SNAC. ??? ???: ??????? ???.
- ↑ Subject named as: Christopher Columbus. Find a Grave memorial ID: 5764. ??? ??? ??: Find a Grave. ??? ???: ??????? ???.
- ↑ ??? ??? ??: Larousse Encyclopedia online. ?????? ????: ?? ??????? ????. ??? ???: ??????? ???.
- ↑ ??? ??? ??: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Treccani's Biographical Dictionary of Italian People ID: cristoforo-colombo. ?????? ????: ?? ??????? ????. ??? ???: ????????? ???. ?????? ????: ????. ??????: various authors.
- ↑ ??? ??? ??: ? ????? ????? ???. ?????? ????: ?? ?????? ????. ??? ???: ????? ???. ??????: ???? ??? ???????.
- ↑ ??? ??? ??: abART. AbART person ID: 82583. ?????? ????: ? ????? ????.
- ↑ ???? ???? ??? ??? ??: Národní autority ?eské republiky. NL CR AUT ?????: jn20000700939. ?????? ????: ?? ?????? ????.
- ↑ ??? ??? ??: LIBRIS. Libris-URI: 42gjjdzn0brfc4r. ?????? ????: ?? ??????? ????. ?????? ????: ?? ???? ????. ????????: National Library of Sweden.
- ↑ "Columbus". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
- ↑ Schuman, Howard; Schwartz, Barry; D'Arcy, Hannah (2005). "Elite Revisionists and Popular Beliefs: Christopher Columbus, Hero or Villain?". The Public Opinion Quarterly. 69 (1): 2–29. doi:10.1093/poq/nfi001. ISSN 0033-362X. JSTOR 3521601.
- ↑ "Christopher Columbus - Legacy | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in ???????). ?????? ?? 2025-08-05.
- ↑ Burmila, Ed (2025-08-05). "The Invention of Christopher Columbus, American Hero". The Nation (in American English). ISSN 0027-8378. ?????? ?? 2025-08-05.
- ↑ Edwards, J. (2014). Ferdinand and Isabella (in ???????). Routledge. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-317-89345-5.
- ↑ King, Ross (2021). The Bookseller of Florence: The Story of the Manuscripts That Illuminated the Renaissance (in ???????). Atlantic Monthly Press. p. 264. ISBN 978-0-8021-5853-6.
- ↑ Bergreen 2011? ?. 56.
- ↑ Phillips, Jr ?? Phillips 1992? ?. 91.
- ↑ Galante, John Starosta (2022). On the Other Shore: The Atlantic Worlds of Italians in South America During the Great War (in ???????). U of Nebraska Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-4962-2958-8.
- ↑ Consulta ligure, Vocabolario delle parlate liguri, Sage, 1982, ISBN 88-7058-044-X
- ↑ Sánchez, Joseph P.; Gurulé, Jerry L.; Broughton, William H. (1990). Bibliografia Colombina, 1492-1990: Books, Articles and Other Publications on the Life and Times of Christopher Columbus (in ???????). National Park Service, Spanish Colonial Research Center. p. ix.
- ↑ Bedini, Silvio A. (2016). Bedini, Silvio A. (ed.). The Christopher Columbus Encyclopedia (in ???????). Springer. p. viii. ISBN 978-1-349-12573-9.
- ↑ Phillips, Jr ?? Phillips 1992? ?. 96.
- ↑ Morgan, Edmund S. (October 2009). "Columbus' Confusion About the New World". Smithsonian Magazine.
- ↑ Rivera, Luis N.; Pagán, Luis Rivera (1992). A Violent Evangelism: The Political and Religious Conquest of the Americas (in ???????). Westminster John Knox Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-664-25367-7.
- ↑ Watts, Pauline Moffitt (1985). "Prophecy and Discovery: On the Spiritual Origins of Christopher Columbus's "Enterprise of the Indies"". The American Historical Review. 90 (1): 92. doi:10.2307/1860749. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 1860749.
- ↑ McDonald, Mark P. (2005). Ferdinand Columbus: Renaissance Collector (1488-1539) (in ???????). British Museum Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-7141-2644-9.
- ↑ González Sánchez, Carlos Alberto (2006). "Capitulations of Santa Fe". In Kaufman, Will; Francis, John Michael (eds.). Iberia and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: a Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia (in ???????). ABC-CLIO. pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-1-85109-421-9.
- ↑ "Christopher Columbus Suffered From a Fatal Form of Arthritis" (Press release). University of Maryland School of Medicine. 6 May 2005. ????? ??? ?? the original on 23 January 2018.
- ↑ Hoenig, Leonard J. (1 February 1992). "The Arthritis of Christopher Columbus". Archives of Internal Medicine. 152 (2): 274–277. doi:10.1001/archinte.1992.00400140028008. PMID 1472175.
- ↑ Arnett, F.; Merrill, C.; Albardaner, Francesc; Mackowiak, P. (September 2006). "A Mariner with Crippling Arthritis and Bleeding Eyes". The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 332 (3): 125. doi:10.1097/00000441-200609000-00005. PMID 16969141. S2CID 6358022.
- ↑ "Christopher Columbus Suffered From a Fatal Form of Arthritis" (Press release). University of Maryland School of Medicine. 6 May 2005. ????? ??? ?? the original on 23 January 2018.
- ↑ Tarver, H. Micheal; Slape, Emily (2016). Tarver, H. Micheal; Slape, Emily (eds.). The Spanish Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia [2 volumes]: A Historical Encyclopedia (in ???????). ABC-CLIO. p. 143. ISBN 978-1-61069-422-3.
- ↑ Scott, Ian C.; Galloway, James B.; Scott, David L. (2015). Inflammatory Arthritis in Clinical Practice (in ???????). Springer. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-4471-6648-1.
- ↑ Staff (25 February 2007). "Esclarecen causas de muerte de Cristóbal Colón". El Universal (in ???????). ?????? ?? 2 February 2022.
- ↑ Ritchlin, Christopher T.; FitzGerald, Oliver (2007). Psoriatic and Reactive Arthritis: A Companion to Rheumatology (in ???????). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-323-03622-1.
- ↑ West, Delno (April 1992). "Christopher Columbus and His Enterprise to the Indies: Scholarship of the Last Quarter Century". The William and Mary Quarterly. 49 (2): 254–277. doi:10.2307/2947272. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 2947272.
Christopher Columbus did not discover a new world, nor did he ever set foot on the North American continent. Rather, he established continuous contact between two continents, each with major populations. But he became a national hero for the United States, and, as such, he has frequently been placed on the same level with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln by Americans who prefer mythology to facts. Early in our history, he became a unifying symbol to the struggling English colonies when Puritan preachers began to use his life as an exemplum of the developing American spirit. On the eve of the American Revolution, poems, songs, sermons, and polemic essays in which Columbus was idealized as the discoverer of a new land for a new people flowed from New England. Such veneration culminated in a movement to name the nation "Columbia."
- ↑ Bercovitch, Sacvan (2014). The Rites of Assent: Transformations in the Symbolic Construction of America (in ???????). Routledge. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-317-79619-0.
Thinking back in spring 1692 to "the antiquities of New England," Cotton Mather came upon a crucial connection, as he saw it, between the voyage of Columbus two centuries before and the Puritans' Great Migration. Considered together, the founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and the landing at San Salvador held the key to a great design. To begin with, Columbus's voyage was one of three shaping events of the modern age, all of which occurred in rapid succession at the turn of the sixteenth century: (1) "the Resurrection of Literature",... (2) the discovery of America, ... and (3) the Protestant Reformation.
- ↑ Bushman, Claudia L. (1992). America Discovers Columbus: How an Italian Explorer Became an American Hero (in ???????). University Press of New England. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-87451-576-3.
- ↑ Bartosik-Vélez, Elise (2014). "The Incorporation of Columbus into the Story of Western Empire". The Legacy of Christopher Columbus in the Americas. New Nations and a Transatlantic Discourse of Empire (PDF). Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-8265-1953-5.
- ↑ Burmila, Edward (9 October 2017). "The Invention of Christopher Columbus, American Hero". The Nation.
- ↑ Stanford, Jack A.; Hauer, F. Richard; Gregory, Stanley V.; Snyder, Eric B. (2011). "Columbia River Basin". In Benke, Arthur C.; Cushing, Colbert E. (eds.). Rivers of North America (in ???????). Elsevier. p. 501. ISBN 978-0-08-045418-4.
- ↑ Dewey, Donald (2007). The Art of Ill Will: The Story of American Political Cartoons (in ???????). NYU Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-0-8147-1985-5.
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